Journal of Language Studies

Abstract The intensity of intelligence, the power of prudence, and the possession of the penetrating mind of the barriers of form, enabled the master of grammar to reach beyond the grammatical structures, uncover their philosophy and bring out their role, which can only be achieved by dealing with phenomena in the problems that transform the recipient and his understanding of the text, The disclosure of these things is not achieved as quickly as we expect, but requires a careful and careful reading. It understands the purpose of the grammatical purposes, in its completeness and completeness, so that it will be able to embark on these pioneering scripts. After realizing this, the characterization of these phenomena becomes achievable, as demonstrated by the fact that the grammatical view led to the determination of how to employ (the ability and lack thereof) by the grammarians to solve many of the problems caused by similarities and rapprochement in matters. The path of the (possible and not) to convey the precise meanings and clarifications Sunni to the mind of the recipient, without the possibility of leakage of possibilities or confusion to the minds and minds, and grammarians to this access to what they want to reach is to achieve understanding understanding and understanding, and make the amount of what they desire.

Abstract This study deals with some dog proverbs with the aim of showing the way in which the English and the Iraqi Arabs interpret and use animal proverbs. Some dog proverbs have been picked out and worked with Leech's (1981) connotations and Holmes' (2013) social factors. Among the findings, it is found out that English and Iraqi Arabs have different attitudes towards their animal proverbs which give the proverbs different connotations, and in turn, influence the way they interact with social factors. It is also figured out that both cultures associate the frequent use of dog proverbs with the lower prestigious occupations (e.g., farmers). Moreover, the English are more flexible in using animal proverbs with socially remote participants more than the Iraqi Arabs do. Finally, it is concluded that the only variable that coincides in the two cultures is the informality variables. This means the inappropriate use of dog proverbs in the formal type of interactions in England and Iraqi Arabic speech communities.

Abstract Children are the future of every nation. They are curious by their nature and enjoy “make-believe”. They have their own imaginary world where they can be other persons by pretending, exploring a variety of imaginative behaviours, and inventing imaginary companions. Such imaginary world may be created either by watching cartoons and movies or by attending plays for children, or listening to stories especially before going to sleep. They even ask to repeat the same story again and again if they like it. Among the adorable kind of stories that children, and even some adults, like are fairy tales. These stories teach them moral lessons, show them the good and evil, help them to be creative, successful, and intelligent. They may create their own stories. Moreover, fairy tales develop children’s imagination, and by this development nations arise.

Abstract The present study aims at investigating difficulties of learning listening comprehension skill that face first-stage students who study English in the department of English/College of Education for Humanities/Anbar University and finding whether there is any significant difference in listening difficulties between males and females of the sample. The study is limited to the first-stage students who study English in the department of English/College of Education for Humanities/Anbar University in Ramadi city for the academic year (2017-2018). To achieve aims of the present study, two hypotheses are set. Firstly, it is hypothesized that first-stage students who study English in the department of English/College of Education for Humanities/Anbar University, face difficulties in learning listening comprehension skill. Secondly, it is hypothesized that there is a significant difference in the difficulties of learning listening comprehension skill between males and females of the sample according to the variable of gender at the level (0.05). The sample of this study includes 63 students (26 male and 37 female) who study English language in English department - College of Education for Humanities at Anbar University. The researcher used a questionnaire as the main instrument for collecting data. After subjecting the sample to the questionnaire, responses were analyzed by using means, standard deviations and percentages to achieve the first aim of the study. Moreover, t-test for independent samples was used to accomplish the second aim of this study. Results revealed that first stage English Department students in the College of Education for Humanities at Anbar University, face difficulties in learning listening comprehension skill. Also, it is found out that males and females of the sample face the same listening difficulties. Finally, on the basis of findings, the researcher offered suggestions, conclusions and recommendations.

Abstract Contrast is one of the figures f speech used in writing for rhetorical and ychological reasons…. According to classical linguists it was a means decoration in the literary tects while for the contemporary ammarians it isextended to be a device for the interpretation of the xt nd its cohesion. This paper is a study of contrast in Ahlam ostaghanemi's novel Black is Suitable for You, because there is equent use of contrast which is essential for the cohesion of the text d its meaning to achieve rhetorical purposes and intellectual ychological values. It becomes a structural network for linking the rts of the text together. The paper therefore, is divided into an roduction and four sections and it concludes that the novel is prolific th examples of contrast, both verbal and semantic, represented in a nary opposition which I called the binary of 'slavery" and "liberty".

Abstract The establishing of Turkman poetry goes back the beginning of Turkman society and The writing in Turkman language which Turkmen use it in their daily lives. That's why such a kind of poetry got separated out among all levels of Turkmen societyTurkman sociaty. The written poem which the public ( local ) poet uses consists of simple words and the stanza was used for the structure of the rhythm of poems which the Turkman use in their nationalism performances so within this performance of poetry the especial music can be formed for this reason and aspect. This paperdeals with the scientific luxuritry about this subject which includes ( The Turkmanish words in Talafar accent The poet Ridha Jolak as a sample for this ) includes the following: 1The poet's life and short from his back ground city Telafer in addition the Period that the poet lived in and his personality and his style and effective on other poets in writing of poems. 2includes converting his on published poetries in to modern Turkish one 3This unit includes picking the words which are used in Telafer and comparing them with Modern Turkish language by making an index according to the to the words in Alphabetical order which she's the number of page and lines for each words and its meaning in modern turkish language and conclusion.

Abstract This paper tries to shed light on the rhetorical aspects of the Qur'anic readings as the recurred in Abu-Fath Othman Ibn Jinni's book Al- Muhtasib in Explaining the Aspects of Irregular Readings (A.H.392). The paper is divided into seven sections: the statement, the composition, the foregoing and delaying, summing up, redundancy, separation and connection, and definite and indefinite. The researcher depends on the available sources dealing with the meanings of the Holy Qur'an, books of Qu'anic interpretation and books on Qur'anic readings.

Abstract Since ancient times, the people have tended to pay attention to precious stones, they have tried to collect and retain them because these stones have beautiful and natural properties. For these reasons, the artists and craftsmen have made different and beautiful geometric shapes including rings, bracelets ndnecklaces. The most important gemstones are the diamond, sapphire, pearl, emerald, turquoise, coral, agate and there are many more. These precious stones have been mentioned in Saeb Tabriz`s Diwan where his Diwan contains many names of these gemstones. This paper begins with a brief account of the Saeb`s life followed by the important meanings of the gemstones mentioned in Saeb's poetry with examples from his own poems about these stones.