Journal of Language Studies

Abstract This study represents an approach to easily extract lexical chunks which are considered to be the essence of gaining a communicative skill similar to that of any native language speaker. Lexical approaches are very important in this respect; far from grammar rules, they concentrate on learning language in use. Therefore, it aims to investigate this field and its effect on the process of learning a language. It is hypothesized that lexical approaches have their direct effect on raising the students’ performance regarding L2 language fluency and production by means of lexical chunks. It is also hypothesized that it is difficult for the students to easily identify and extract lexical chunks in their natural contexts. Therefore, this study adopts Boers and Lindstromberg’s (2009) model as a way to facilitate the identification of lexical chunks and to open a way to easily identify them. A transcript of a BBC radio 4 interview (see the appendix) is chosen as the source of the data analysis in this study. The working procedures are thought to be beneficial for L2 learners future identification and extraction of lexical chunks.

Abstract Modern educational methods, in general, and literary texts, in particular, have played immensely important roles in bringing awareness to young students concerning the notion of the female- male binary relationship in society. This objective has been fulfilled through women’s literary works, which are considered powerful materials contributing toward female empowerment in the culture of masculinity. Post-1980s, feminist works are used in education as a part of the teaching curriculum to address gender equality imbalance in society. The analysis of feminist writers’ texts and their discourses is at the core of ongoing debates and the evolving pedagogical methods of the contemporary educational sphere. Accordingly, Carol Ann Duffy, a most notable feminist poet, known for her poetics dexterity, has worked on addressing gender and female identity. Her poems have been published and referred to in academic works, magazines, and internet forums. At the same time, her poetry has been instrumental in improving the themes and goals of educational syllabuses at the primary and secondary school levels as well as those of higher education institutions at the national level. This paper sought to reveal the vital role of literary language and mainly feminist literary works in radically enhancing educational syllabuses. The study will be conducted through examining the main themes of selected poems from Duffy’s The World’s Wife which have been taught in academia. This paper concludes that Duffy’s poems have encoded the importance of literary language in communicating a specific morality as well as stimulating a target generation or society.

Abstract Arabic is the language of the Holy Quran, a branch of a group of languages known to Orientalists as Semitic languages, and Orientalists have spent considerable efforts to study these languages, and wrote many books and researches about. The Semites are the languages that the orientalist Schulzer called the Hebrew, Abyssinian and Syriac languages. Naturally, every language that has moved away from its native country has been subject to changes, including Arabic and other Semitic languages. There are similarities and differences between Arabic and other Semitic languages. The researcher chooses the German Orientalist Karl Brucklmann, who spent considerable efforts in studying and balancing the Semitic and Arabic languages. His book Verbs addresses and analyzes many aspects to find similarities and differences between them in relation to the verbs in the Arabic language. Dr. Ramadan Abdul-Tawab says that "There is no doubt that there are many benefits to the linguistic lesson of the learner's knowledge of Semitic languages which would not have reached us if our study was limited to Arabic" The paper, therefore, is limited to the verb in the Semitic languages as this is tackled in Brockelman's Book The Philology of the Semitic Languages.

Abstract Translation of cultural references can be effective and beneficially achieve various purposes depending on how they are transferred into another language. Virtually, cultural references refer to any word with considerably conceptual effects used for influencing conventional and societal intents. However, cultural references that are relatively belonged to a certain language are not equally observed in culture of another language; they derive their significations from the cultural characteristics of a community. Wherefore, cultural significations suchlike conventions, aesthetic values, and doctrines which are directly concerned with bridging intents lose their intentional importance or even work the opposite in another language. The incompatibility of dramatic references in their stylization of functions will problematically bring unparalleled pragmatic conceptions in both languages. Therefrom, this study objectively aims at: comparing cultural references in both languages, their impacts, and the extents of their influences; testing the validity of the adopted translational procedures in resolving cultural mutual exclusiveness; setting out some translational strategies for A overcoming cultural divergences and bringing closer the wide distances between languages. To conduct this, five dramatic texts are withdrawn from Neil Labute's play Reasons To Be Pretty with their four Arabic renditions to be the data of the current study. The results show that the sociocultural situation negatively influences in creating correspondence references in English – Arabic dramatic rendition. Additionally, the inexactness of adapted rendition strategies for the data under discussion that are imprecisely opted attributed varied degrees of untranslatability due to the connotative incompatibility of cultural references in both languages.

Abstract "Warada" recurs in the Arabic dictionary to denote two things: The first is to provide something, including access, access, attainment, supervision and vision.The second, one the colors, which is the most well-known rose plant, the Persians roses and black roses, either their color or to describe their work of progress and speed.The Qur'an used this word in nine verses, in a variety of contexts, i.e. to get to water, and to go to hell-fire, in the context of proximity, science and in the afterlife.The importance of this article in Quranic contexts with similar meanings: entry, attendance, puberty, demand, thirst and color..

Abstract Language management is a discipline that consists of satisfying the needs of people who speak multiple different languages. These may be in the same country, in companies, and in cultural or international institutions where one must use multiple languages. In the Iraqi Kurdistan context, we are presented with a linguistic situation where two languages are constitutionally official, i.e., Arabic and Kurdish while English is adopted as the solitary means of instruction in some schools/colleges/universities besides the fact Turkmani and Assyrian are spoken and adopted as means of instruction in schools of areas where the Turkmen and Assyrians are a majority. This linguistic reality calls for a sound and rational resolution or management at all levels, particularly at the academic levels which we are interested in here.Thus, the main aim of the present study is to suggest ways on how to take the multilingual situation in Iraqi Kurdistan to an English plus situation in a similar manner we have witnessed in Singapore.

Abstract A diacritical mark is a mark which is put above below the letter. That is to say, diacritical marks are seeming ers that play a vital role in attributing words to different ses. According, they can change the syntactic function as well he part of speech of the words they are used with. Thus, they dealt with by different fields of linguistics, such as phonetics, ax, and so forth. However, the current study aims at estigating the importance of these marks in English and Arabic show how important these marks are and how similar versally each language with the other(s). In addition, the study mes against the long-adopted view of the importance of these ks in language.

Abstract Poetry is the record of the Arabs in which they recorded their history, feats and exploits, it is the ceremony to record the finer details of their social, scientific, intellectual, political and even religious life. This research tries to answer several questions, including, did poets write vocabulary poems more than the use of rhetorical devices? Can Ibn Tayfour be an example to be followed in his selections of unique poems? As well as other questions. The research adopted the descriptive and analytical approach, he mentioned the Bada'i style and then followed by explanation and analysis during the general atmosphere of the poem, domesticated by the art owners and imams of rhetoric. The research deals with the colourful rhetoric in the unique poems of Ibn Tayfour's selection and it is divided into two sections: the first section is devoted to the sense devices and the second to the verbal devices.. The study concludes that the most common devices used are assonance, parallelism, while the least used are pun, contrast, quotation and euphemism because they are suitable for certain themes and this contradict the vocabulary poems written by some poets.

Abstract The learners of English mostly face difficulties in selecting the right preposition for a sentence in speech and in writing. The wrong choice of preposition could occasionally be ascribed to interference and overlap caused between the mother tongue and the target language. One more difficulty may emerge when a single preposition may possibly have more than one semantic use. It is hypothesized that the linguistic differences between English and Arabic could be the reason behind impeding the learners of doing well in the target language. The learners, therefore, may unconsciously covey the Arabic linguistic habits to English although the syntactic and semantic characteristics between the two languages are totally different. The researchers try to pose the most important information about prepositions available in the English literature of grammar. This information is put under analysis, paraphrase and ample comments so as to -Accepted: reach reasonable conclusions that are useful for all readers’ try to pose the most important information about prepositions available in the English literature of grammar. This information is put under analysis, paraphrase and ample comments so as to reach reasonable conclusions that are useful for all readers’ levels. Conclusions, some are newly-posed and not dealt with before, are listed at the end of the research.The current study is confined to prepositions whether they are simple or complex and sometimes with a mention of these words in combination with ordinary verbs forming phrasal verbs which have meanings quite different from these verbs when they are used alone. This research can be of a great value and benefit to improve the performance of learners of English language in general, teachers specialized in English and researchers in particular.

Abstract Despite the controversy between supporters of the opinion that inversion in the Holy Quran did happen and the opponents of this opinion, one can say that inversion is a reality in this book of truth. This is because the styles used in the Quran are the same ones that have been used by Arabs. It is interesting that Allah challenged the Arabs to use these styles and made them unable to put out something similar in t erms of system, method and composition. The Arabs also tended to adopt these styles in their poetry and prose. Their goal of using them were different literary purposes like exaggeration, intimidation and interest etc. the inversion also has been used in the Quran for many various purposes that can be understood from the speech context. The inversion also shows the miraculous nature of the Quran.

Abstract This research is an inquiry into the concepts of reference and sense in selected English short stories. It is an attempt to determine which concept of these two is used more in the selected short stories because in every language different expressions of these two are used and that’s why they have been chosen in this study. The reference of a word is the relation between the linguistic expression and the entity in the real world to which it refers. In contrast to reference, sense is defined as the relations to other expressions in the language system. Thus there are words that have senses but no referents in the real world. Depending on this contradiction this study is going to be conducted.

Abstract This research is a study of the narrator of the speech, Zaki al-Din Abu Mohammed Abdul Adhim bin Abdul Qawi bin Abdullah al- Muntheri. The importance of this manuscript comes from the importance of her statement, her eloquence and her position in the house of prophecy and the importance of the defended person, the successor of the Messenger of Allah, Abu Bakr al- Siddiq. The linguistic importance of this speech lies in its eloquence, the well-chosen words with deep meanings in defense and glorification of her father against his attackers. The paper is divided into two parts: The first part is subdivided into two sections; the first one is devoted to Al-Munthiri's career, his importance, his Shekhs and students and his works.The second section deals with the importance of the manscript, its description and my job as an editor. The second Part deals with the editing of the text and the statement of the meanings of the problematic vocabulary items in it. It ends with the conclusion which sums up the results of the study.

Abstract The process of net communication, which is internet dependent, takes place among millions of individual (private) or group of participants sharing the same room in order to comment, discuss, or pass time.While the communicators are of different countries, cultures, backgrounds, and languages they exchange their thoughts and linguistic messages throughout this experience which is termed as “Internet Chatting”. The researcher presents the definition of “Jargon” and “Chatting” in addition to the related terms.He submits the structure of morphemes / words, phrases, and sentences in chatting in addition to how the chatters manipulate parts of words, abbreviations, numerals, emoticons…etc. in order to carry out this experience. The researcher, after analyzing the presented examples in the obtained data, concludes that the chatting process can be regarded as a sort of ‘Jargon’. Thus the hypothesis of the study is affirmed.

Abstract This paper aims at: 1- Knowing the types of dictionaries in Arabic language, 2- Knowing the mostly used dictionarie at the Islamic institution in Aceh, and 3- showing how to use dictionaries in teaching Arabic language at the Islamic institutions in Aceh. The applied is the qualitative descriptive analytical approach is adopted. The paper concludes that dictionaries are divided according to subjects into three categories: linguistic, encyclopedic and historic dictionaries. According to the languages used, dictionaries are classified into Unilingual, bilingual and multilingual dictionaries. According to their subjects, dictionaries are classified into General, and special dictionaries and according to arrangement they are classified into alphabetic and subject dictionaries. As for form, they are classified into paper dictionaries and digital dictionaries. ing A.

Abstract The paper will investigate the dramatic treatment of conjuring in the past theological and demonological texts of one of the English Renaissance plays. Exorcism is widely discussed and scientifically tackled during the twenty-first century theatrically and cinematically which is seemingly reflecting the out-off-heavenly thorough needs for eternal happiness. The paper is mainly divided into two parts. It starts with an introduction about the terms that are concerned mainly with the theme of the study. The first part is entitled ‘Readings in Exorcism and the Spiritual Challenge of Religion and Science’. It sheds light on various dimensions of exorcism in religion and science and deals with certain Classical Perspectives. The second part is entitled ‘Demonic Possession of Staging Exorcism’. It deals with some selected classical and modern plays that exemplify the significance of exorcism during the middle ages, and the increasing demand for exorcists in most updated dramatic adaptation of the 21st century. The second part illustrates the medical horror drama caused by exorcism set in a catholic hospital of a modern Korean drama Priest (2018) written by Moon Man-Se. This part is also concerned with a modern play which was dramatized in two acts by Tim J. Kelly entitled The Hunchback of Notre Dame(1992) as to be the main focus of the present study.

Abstract This paper aims at showing and studying Persian and Arabicized vocabulary items in Osama bin Munqith's Book Al-I'itibar which is one of this most important works. The paper is divided into two basic parts, the first is devoted to the scholars and linguists' opinions about the borrowed and Arabized utterances and expressions. It also tries to shed light on translation both linguistically and idiomatically depending on the traditional and modern linguists' opinions concerning this linguistic phenomenon and the borrowed vocabulary items in Arabic language, the methods used in translation and the benefits of translation and Arabization. The second part is devoted to the borrowed expressions, their origins meanings and they are classified into groups according to meaning depending on dictionaries and reliable source-books in both languages (Persian and Arabic).The paper concludes that Arabic language has borrowed from other languages such as Persian, Syriac and Indo-European languages. However, Persian it borrowed mostly from Persian due to many reasons such as neighbourhood, religion, commerce, geography and other factors.

Abstract