Journal of Language Studies

Abstract Emanated from many characters, jealousy is the essence of Shakespeare’s Othello for causing the personal conflict within the play. It is used to be the motive for destructive actions that lead to the sorrowful ends of many characters including the tragic hero, Othello, who proves that jealousy is one of the most subversive emotions. The aim of this research is to concentrate on Othello’s open nature as a tragic flaw that creates his vulnerability to be jealous of the alleged disloyalty of Desdemona, his faithful wife, and then to kill her.

Abstract Translating classical Arabic poetry into English is inevitably problematic. This is due to the uniqueness and exclusiveness of the word and form of the Arabic poetry on the one hand, and to the great gap between the two languages on the other hand. Some translators adopt compensation as a strategy to overcome many difficulties of meaning loss in translating such type of texts. The current analytical study attempts to show the impact of using compensation in translating Muallaqat Emro' AlQais into English by adopting Hervey & Higgins' (1992) model. The study ends with some concluding remarks, the most important one among them is that compensation in not necessarily an effective strategy. On the contrary, it could lead to deepening the unfamiliarity and loss of the semantic precision of the ST in the TT.

Abstract In this research, we discussed the definition of the author of the commentary, the owner of the footnote and the introduction of the Azharite. Al-Qaliubi did not only break the words and open the sentences, but he also mentioned the words of the violators and the doctrines of those who violated them, and they were fair in judging their statements in terms of strength, weakness, In order to verify everything that was passed by the mark of Khalid al-Azhari, and therefore he agreed in matters and disagreed in the other weak the saying or whether it is the first disagreement or that the non-approved and after him the most correct in the grammar. And that the observation on the annotations, which is necessary to show the insanity of the words and their meanings and the statement made by the fool or overlooked by him and confirm all that hit him so that the reader is very sure of the authenticity of what is read and not be contrary or abnormal. The paper is divided into three sections. The first subject: Method The second topic: its resources The third topic: his citations and his predictions

Abstract Lots of comic shows have been largely displayed on various TV channels and social media. The presenters of such shows talk about different issues such as political, social, economic etc. This study aims at identifying the most common pragmatic strategies used to issue irony in the two comic shows which are Last week tonight and Al-Basheer are chosen.. Also, it aims at showing the differences between British and Iraqi comic shows in these aspects. To test out the validity of these hypothesis, eight comic videos are selected-four from each show. It is hypothesized that: (i) the presenter of comic shows may employ different pragmatic strategies to achieve irony; and (ii) pragmatic aspects such as speech act, pragmatic presupposition and context have a vital role in determining the ironic meaning in British and Iraqi comic shows. The model adopted in this study is a pragmatic one. Its main categories are: Grice's cooperative principle and implicature(1975), Yule's inference (2006), Mey's pragmatic presupposition(2001), Searl's speech act theory (1979), and Leech's (1983) maxims of politeness. The most important conclusions the study reached at are: (i) pragmatic aspects such as speech act, pragmatic presupposition and context have a decisive role in determining the ironic meaning in British and Iraqi comic shows;(ii) irony can be used as a tool of criticism in comic shows.

Abstract The poetry of nature is one of the most important literary arts, as nature was and still is the first inspiration for poets and creative individuals. The poet observes all that is around him of the beauty and gorgeous nature to be reflected in his poetry. A poet is a creative artist who depicts what he or she sees through words and feelings. In this research, I aimed at the manifestations of nature in Andalusian poetry (Abu Jaafar bn al-Abar, model 433 e), until we show flashes of poetry of nature among the Arabs in various ages: Jahili, Islamic, Umayyad and Abbasid until the Andalusian era, from which I chose a poet namely ibn Al-Abar as a sample. The reason I chose him is because I found the opportunity to introduce the nature of Arabic poetry in Andalusia in specific and wanted to shed light on this scene.

Abstract It is quiet astonishing to know the deep powerful influences of nature, environment and their creatures on human beings that help shaping and developing the poets mental and actual realization of life. This field of study is called Eco criticism which developed to be an important branch of literary criticism. This literary approach studies literary texts with reference to the interaction between the vast spectra of human activities and interests in flora, fauna, landscape, environment and weather. It is concerned with a special realm of communication with nature that cannot be realized easily without dedication and awareness.

Abstract The research is based on the principles of Dastani Darman, the director of his school, Jalal Al-Ahmad, and the Endings, Abdulrahman Muneef (Realism in Jalal AlAhmad and Abdulrahman Munif, The researcher studied the realism in the narrative narratives of the authors Jalal AlAhmad (Irani) and Abdul Rahman Muneef (Saudi Arabia). In the two narratives above, These elements (personality, time, place, internal dialogue...), the researcher worked on realism These elements in the two narratives are the subject of the research and the presentation of similarities and differences between them. The research consists of an introduction to the comparative literature, its origin and its development, an overview of the realism, its definition and the origin of this school, an overview of the Persian Iranian novelist Jalal Al-Ahmad and his literary productions, an overview of the Saudi Arabian novelist Abdulrahman Munif and his literary works, In the last and important part of the research is a critical study of realism in the elements of the two narratives above. At the end of the research, the researcher reached a number of results.

Abstract This study is an attempt to find out 1.the average of EFL university students' achievement in writing.2. Whether there are any significant differences between male students' mean scores and that female students' in achievement of writing. and 3. whether there are any significant differences in the mean scores of students of the University of Tikrit,College of Education for Human Sciences(CEHS) and College of Education for Women (CEW) and the University of Samara', College of Education (CE) in achievement of writing. This study is an attempt to find out 1.the average of EFL university students' achievement in writing.2. Whether there are any significant differences between male students' mean scores and that female students' in achievement of writing. and 3. whether there are any significant differences in the mean scores of students of the University of Tikrit,College of Education for Human Sciences(CEHS) and College of Education for Women (CEW) and the University of Samara', College of Education (CE) in achievement of writing. These aims are supposed to be achieved through testing the following hypotheses. 1. The average of Iraqi EFL University students' is within the theoretical mean scores, in achievement of writing. 2. There are no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of male students' and that of female students' in achievement of writing. 3. There are no statistically significant differences in the mean scores of students' of the University of Tikrit, College of Education for Human Sciences (CEHS) and College of Education for Women (CEW) and that of the University of Samara', College of Education(CE)in achievement of writing. In order to verify the hypotheses of the current study and achieve its aims, two instruments, i.e. a questionnaire and an achievement test have been constructed for data collection. The questionnaire includes thirty items and distributes to the EFL students at the University of Tikrit (CEHS) and (CEW) and those of the University of Samara' (CE) in order to assess students' apprehension of writing. While, the test is used to assess students' achievement of writing the two instruments have been applied to a sample of 109 EFL fourth year University The study ends up with a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions for further studies.

Abstract This paper is devoted to Eliot`s poetic critique of modern humanity in „The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock‟ which is one of the significant poems written by Eliot in 1911 because of its new modern style and the techniques that the poet adopted from various sources. It concentrates on how Eliot criticises modern humanity for instance, anti-heroism, secularism, and alienation. In addition, the study will take into account the illumination on how the current society has over emphasized on the issue of Michelangelo. This is a remarkable presentation of how Prufrock views the modern people and modern life as a hell similar to Dante's Inferno where man cannot express his feelings or doing anything to redeem himself.

Abstract In this paper, the author presents a rationale and offers suggestions for why personification and apostrophe, as main figures of speech, could be used in the EFL classroom as well as how teachers and/or teachers in training might use them to enhance understanding and appreciating English poetry, in other words, to facilitate learning. First the researcher defines the two figures, giving examples, and then the function of both figures would be stated. The author makes a survey of the methods of teaching personification and apostrophe in English poetry. A list of accessible personification and apostrophe resources is shared at the end.

Abstract The paper is intended to consider the possibility of translating poetic texts in the light of Image Schema (IS) theory. The paper argues for the applicability of this theory and its ability to deal with the problems of translating the texts understudy. To verify this argument, blockage IS is applied to the translation of Herbert's " The Collar " into Arabic. The results of the study have verified its argument. The paper ends up with a suggested translation of the poem as well as some conclusions based on the findings of the study.