JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES

Comparative comparison context in Al - Muminoon chapter

Adnan Khalid Fadhl — 2024-10-31

Al- Mueminoon is the 23rd (sura) in the Holly Quran . It is distinguished for its unique style ,that bring together between the prophets story telling and legislation divine providence .the Al-mueminoon begins with the qualifications of the real believers .then transfer in a flexible way to the story of the prophets : such as Noah , Ibraham , Musa and Jesses .This show the unity of the Devine of Good messages in the history .To study the linguistic analysis and similarities in sounds ; the verbs the nouns ,the structure used .All this reflect the deep meaning and the style used .

Al-Mueminoon used clear strong language ,when delling with legislation and the stories used, were very active and positive so as to provide deep meaning , and the contribution to undersand ,all among the quotations and show that there is nothing incomplete in all levels as one unit in the four sectors : sound unity, analysis ,structure and communicative style . besides using signs and symbols in the Qraan such as water as a symbol of life and this will support learning the Holy Quraan too much .These all together will affect spiritual legislation to the reader and and will show the effect of the virtual and moral lessons .

Quranic intertextuality in the poetry of Muhammad Al-Suwaidi Diwan (The River Brought Him) is an example

Sahar Ali Ibrahim Al-Daraji — 2024-10-31

The research titled (Qur’anic intertextuality in the collection “The River Brought It” by the poet Muhammad Al-Suwaidi) dealt with the phenomenon of intertextuality, which is considered simultaneous across literary eras , But the poet presented it in an effective and influential way that gives the poetic texts the spirit of modernity, using the Qur’anic texts, which are the foundational building block for the creative recipient . This study employed poetic texts with deep Qur’anic connotations derived from the stories of the Prophets - peace be upon them - which confirm the poet’s mastery of the poetic language with precise words and beautiful rhetorical arts, using Qur’anic quotations full of expressive lessons and wisdom . Which confirms the poet’s endless adherence to the Holy Qur’an, which provided him with linguistic wealth, which made him employ intertextual words that came as illuminating keys that he used as evidence in his poems, and he documented the texts in a professional way that takes our imagination to vast Qur’anic worlds full of sensations and feelings.

Narrative awareness of contemporary Iraqi reality Reading in Mohsen Ramli's novels

Saman Jalil Ibrahim — 2024-10-31

The goal of this research, which is titled "narrative awareness of contemporary Iraqi reality, reading in the novels of Mohsen Al-Ramli," is to provide light on a variety of issues pertaining to society and all of its cultural backgrounds. These issues, which are conveyed through the narrative body, helped shape the novel work and define its dimensions.

The study's format comprised an introduction, a preface, four sections, and a list of approved sources and references. The introduction covered the key considerations that led to the selection of these novel works, while the preface presented "the concept of narrative consciousness." The first section was titled "narrative awareness of psychological reality towards the other," followed by "narrative awareness towards customs and traditions," "narrative awareness towards open and closed identity," and "narrative awareness towards religious discourse." The research was based on a descriptive-analytical approach based on the procedures of cultural criticism in order to identify the cultural systems that play the game of invisibility and manifestation within the central discourses.

The effect of grammatical movements on grammatical meaning: Ibn Malik’s Alfiyyah commentaries as a model

Naba Shahab Ahmed — 2024-10-31

No grammarian or linguist may deny the important role of vowels in facilitating the spoken and improving the audible, because the phonetic variation between vowels and pauses leads to that, but grammarians in particular have taken care to clarify the important and effective semantic function of the speaker and the addressee for the grammatical vowels in expressing meanings, or clarifying the subtle semantic differences that arise with the change of those vowels. This research deals with examples of those differences between sentences that may be Quranic or from the speech of the Arabs, their poetry and prose, which were referred to by the commentators of Ibn Malik’s Alfiyyah, to add an important link in the chain of linguistic differences for which linguists have made efforts and written letters and books for what occurred between individual linguistic words. This research aims to prove the existence of those differences also in prose and poetic evidence that match the pillars of the sentence and its words and do not differ in anything except the change of the grammatical vowel.

Grammatical guidance according to Al-Tabarsi (d. 548 AH) in his interpretation of Majma’ al-Bayan (for the deleted as a model)

Mahmood Kareem Jasem — 2024-10-31

This study explores the role of the internet and cyberspace, particularly through the use of emails, as a tool for feminist empowerment within Saudi Arabian society, as depicted in Rajaa Alsanea's novel Girls of Riyadh. The research aims to examine how female characters use virtual spaces to challenge and undermine patriarchal norms and expectations. By utilizing the internet's anonymity and connectivity, these women carve out a platform for self-expression, solidarity, and resistance against the oppressive structures of their society. The study finds that cyberfeminism offers a powerful means for women in conservative environments to voice their thoughts and advocate for change. Furthermore, the internet serves as a catalyst for new forms of feminist discourse and activism. The study concludes that cyberspace not only facilitates the creation of a collective feminist identity but also empowers women to redefine their roles and resist traditional societal constraints.

The Role of Multi-sensory Learning Activities on Iraqi Preparatory School Pupils' Communication

Marwa Yashar Omar — 2024-10-31

The research aims to identify how multi-sensory learning activities affect the communication growth of Iraqi preparatory school pupils as well as how those pupils' communication skills evolve in the classroom. Multi-sensory learning activities engage multiple senses (visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile) to enhance information processing and retention. By incorporating diverse sensory stimuli, these activities create rich and engaging learning experiences that cater to various learning styles. The research is hypothetical in that, in the posttest for Visual Learning Pupils, posttest for Auditory Learning Pupils, posttest for Kinesthetic Learning Pupils, and posttest for Tactile Learning Pupils communication test, The mean scores of the experimental groups and the control group differ statistically significantly. In the current research, 100 fifth-stage pupils were chosen during the academic year 2023–2024 from Aghalar Preparatory School for Boys. Every group is equal in terms of age and parents' level of education.

The researcher statistically analyzed the data collected from the four post-test outcomes using one-way, two-way, three-way, and four-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) to gauge the pupils' post-test communication. Multi-sensory learning activities are more successful than using the traditional approach for communication, The results demonstrate a statistically significant difference in mean scores between the experimental groups and the control group. Concluding remarks, suggestions for more research, and recommendations complete the research.

4th Year EFL Iraqi Leaners' Pragmatic Failure in Polysemy

Ali Ershad Rushdi — 2024-10-31

This paper is an endeavor to identify the failure of EFL Iraqi learners when they are asked to realize the meaning of polysemous words in their context. The model of analysis is Thomas's (1983) "pragmatic failure"(PF). Polysemous words have different meanings. There are two kinds of polysemy: semantic and pragmatic polysemy. The important part of the study at hand is pragmatic polysemy, which is the pragmatic meaning that results from polysemous words through the intentionality of the speakers, as these words leave a free space for their speakers to pick the meaning they want to communicate. Besides, these meanings may mingle on the part of the listeners in native language speakers and listeners, so polysemous words would, of course, constitute a problem for the learners of English. Again, it is believed that the lack of both linguistic and pragmatic competence is the result of this pragmatic failure.

Perspectives of Kurdish EFL University Students’ Towards the Importance and Participation in English Language Extracurricular Activities

Emad Mahmud Radha — 2024-10-31

English language extracurricular activities are helpful strategies in developing EFL students’ English language proficiency and skills. This study aims to examine perceptions of Kurdish EFL university students about the roles and importance of participation in these activities for improving their English language proficiency and skills. This study is experimental and used survey questionnaires to take the participants’ perspectives towards the importance of practicing and participation in English extracurricular activities, and to detect the participation frequency extent in these activities. The participants were 60 students in English language department/faculty of education from Charmo University. In addition, the data were analyzed via (SPSS) and weighted-mean. The findings in this study revealed that majority of the students had positive attitudes towards the importance of English extracurricular activities in improving their English language proficiency and skills. It was concluded that Kurdish EFL students could enhance their English language proficiency and skills through these activities outside their formal in-class curriculum.

The Impact of Using Say Something Strategy on Iraqi EFL University Students' Achievement in Reading Comprehension

Saad Rokan Jasim — 2024-10-31

Reading is the most important skill among the four skills in learning English and being able to comprehend various English texts as expected. Yet, the experience has not seemed to be realized. The goal of the "Say Something Strategy" is to assist students in understanding what they are reading by predicting, questioning, clarifying, connecting, or commenting. Telling students to "say something" about the reading, or offering them specific things to say, keeps them engaged with the content.

In this study, the Say Something strategy is an appropriate strategy to progress accomplishment for improving students' reading comprehension success. The study's sample comprises of second-year university students from the English Department, the College of Art, and Tikrit University during the academic year 2022–2023. It has been randomly chosen and has been divided into two groups, the experimental group with (33) students taught by Say Something Strategy and the control group with (33) students without Say Something Strategy, both groups completed the same reading comprehension test. An accomplishment exam was developed, validated, and administered to the two groups involved. The essential data has been collected and statistically analyzed. Because of the implementation of the Say Something Strategy, the obtained results show that there are statistically significant differences in the success of the two groups of students in favor of the experimental group.

The Effectiveness of Two Feedback Strategies for Teaching Vocabulary Among EFL Students

Basma Faisal Ali — 2024-10-31

The current research aims to assess the effectiveness of two feedback strategies, (positive and corrective feedback), in enhancing the acquisition of English language vocabulary among first year students who studied English as foreign language in the English Language Department at the College of Education for women, Tikrit University, Iraq , The study is quantitative study utilizes an experimental approach, with a quasi-experimental design involving pre-test and post-test assessments, The study sample included 120 first-year students and they were divided into two experimental groups (the first included 40 students studying with corrective feedback), the second (included 40 students studying with positive feedback), and the third (control group included 40 students who did not receive any feedback). To achieve the aim of the study, a vocabulary acquisition test consisting of 60 multiple-choice items is designed, after ensuring the validity and reliability of the test by using suitable statistics methods. The test is applied pre and post to the three groups The answers are collected, and the arithmetic averages and statistical significance were calculated by using ( spss software program ) the results shows that :

Both ,the corrective and positive feedback strategies have a significant impact on students' vocabulary acquisition.

There were statistically significant differences at the 0.05 significance level between the students in the first experimental group, who were taught using corrective feedback, and those in the control group, who were taught using traditional methods, in favor of the experimental group.

There are statistically significant differences at the 0.05 significance level between the students in the second experimental group, who were taught using positive feedback, and those in the control group, who were taught using traditional methods, in favor of the experimental group.

There are also statistically significant differences at the 0.05 significance level between the students in the first experimental group, who were taught using corrective feedback, and those in the second experimental group, who were taught using the positive feedback strategy, in favor of the corrective feedback.

The Effect of Online Platform Videos on Iraqi EFL Learners' Achievements in Writing Skill at the University Level

Lateef Ahmed Mohammed Khaleefa — 2024-10-31

Mastering the English language skills specifically the writing one is not an easy task in spite of theories and models about language learning that have been conducted through centuries. However, the present study is an attempt to shed light on the effect of online platform videos on Iraqi EFL learners' achievements in the second class in writing skill during the second academic semester of 2023-2024. The study targeted (20) subjects, (10) males and (10) females who study writing skill as an academic subject in the second class at the Department of English, College Arts, University of Mosul. The experimental lessons covered (30) hours during (10) weeks for undergraduate students. The adopted tools of data collection are pre-and-post tests and a questionnaire. Additionally, the cooperative learning model proposed by Kagan and Kagan (2009) is adopted. The results of the study show that students who were exposed to the experiment made progress in writing skill after implementing video-based lessons.

A Cognitive Analysis of American and Kurdish National Anthems in the light of Text World Theory

Ikhlas Mahdi Hassan — 2024-10-31

The present study is an attempt to find out the extent to which text world theory can be applied to the analysis of American and Kurdish national anthems. It also seeks to find out the way the receivers of national anthems relate the text world into the real world, and how the interaction between them can help readers manipulate their background knowledge and real experience to process and interpret these texts. To this end, text world theory is adopted for the analysis of the selected national anthems. The results of the analysis have shown that the text world theory can provide a systematic and scientific interpretation which can enhance the reader’s comprehension of national anthems. The analysis results have also shown some similarities between English and Kurdish national anthems in terms of applying the parameters of the selected model.

Grammatical Analysis of Kinship Terms in Sorani Kurdish Language

Israa Ahmed Mohammed — 2024-10-31

The research paper provides a comprehensive grammatical analysis of Kurdish kinship terms, which is a vital aspect of the Kurdish language. It examines the morphological and syntactic properties of kinship terms, categorization according to the part of speech and the distinctions of their grammatical gender and number .The study delves into the morphological composition of these terms, analyzing the various affixes and morphemes that contribute to their formation, including inflectional suffixes, honorific prefixes, and other derivational processes. Additionally, this research focuses on the vocative forms of kinship terms, investigating their unique grammatical features and. This study aims to enhance the understanding of the complexity and nuances inherent in the Kurdish kinship terminology.

The Argumentative Structural Shifts in English-Arabic Translation of BBC News Reports: A Sociolinguistic And Cultural Perspective

MAHER SAMI HASAN — 2024-10-31

The socio-cultural and ideological features of translation have become so prominent that many studies have investigated the translation shifts resulting from the linguistic transference from the source language (SL) into the target language (TL). It is the primary aim of the present article to demonstrate the nature of the structural (morpho-syntactic) shifts in the Arabic written translation of English political British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) news, which may be attributable to differences in cultural, ideological and sociolinguistic backgrounds of the target language speakers (Arabic). The heterogeneity of the socio-cultural context in which the English and Arabic political discourses are communicated is reflected in the syntactic shifts in the sentential and phrasal structure in the translation process of BBC News. The target texts (TT) exhibit a substantial tendency to conform to the socio-cultural and ideological context of the target language (TL) at the expense of the morphosyntactic structure of the ST.

The research methodology involves analyzing some English BBC news extracts (ST) and their Arabic translation to investigate the structural shifts in translation. The data analysis, conducted with meticulous attention to detail, shows that the Arabic translation alters the (ST) linguistic structures and shifts the socio-cultural and ideological conceptions of the target text (TT) readers. A key aspect of the methodology is the adoption of a comparative approach, which allows for a thorough examination of the structural differences and similarities and their corresponding content. The article also takes cognizance of Hatim's (1997) ideas on translation across different cultures and those of Fishman (1972) on the sociolinguistic reflections of language. The study concludes that the target readers' cultural background, ideological make-up and sociolinguistic perception can be altered due to the structural shifts in translating political news into Arabic. It shows that the structural shifts lead to specific deviations in the argumentative structure of the source text (ST) through argumentation or counter-argumentation.

Exploring the Translation of English Compounds into Arabic: A Contrastive Analytical Study

Abdul-Ilah Niama As-Saadi — 2024-10-31

This study examines the translation of English compounds into Arabic, highlighting the lexical challenges posed by English compounding, which is more prevalent than in Arabic. A comprehensive review of English and Arabic compounding practices provides the theoretical foundation for this analysis. In Arabic, the distinction between compound lexical items and other syntactic structures remains unclear, making compounding a contentious subject.

The study aims to classify English compounds into nouns, adjectives, and verbs, and further into endocentric and exocentric types, based on form and meaning. Differentiate between common and esoteric compounds to clarify their uses. Quantitative data is analysed using statistical analysis to identify and assess the translation methods used for each compound type and their frequency and to propose translations for English compounds lacking Arabic equivalents in existing dictionaries.

The main objectives of the study lie in classifying and analysing different types of English compounds to understand their structural and semantic properties. The study explores the various strategies and methods adopted in translating English compounds into Arabic to determine if certain compounds are more challenging based on cultural or contextual nuances.

The lack of Arabic equivalents, as a TL, for providing corresponding processes of compounding and the discrepancies between English, as a SL, and Arabic as a TL almost poses problems in translating compounds where rendering them into Arabic requires special treatment. It is, therefore, hypothesised that rendering English compounds into Arabic is one of the problematic areas in translation. This problem can be attributed to linguistic and/or extra-linguistic differences between the two languages.

Findings reveal that translating English compounds into Arabic is challenging due to both linguistic and extralinguistic factors, with exocentric compounds being particularly problematic. Besides, the most frequent translation methods are calque or loan translation, single lexical-item equivalent, paraphrase, one-to-one translation, and definition.

The study concludes that exocentric compounds, which lack direct Arabic counterparts, require translators to understand their contextual meanings. Many English compounds have entered Arabic through translation, enriching the Arabic lexicon.

Translating Personification in Prophetic Hadith into English

Safwan Hameed Safi — 2024-10-31

Personification is a universal linguistic phenomenon commonly used in Arabic and English to add aesthetic values to the text. As a type of figuration, personification is problematic in translation, especially in religious texts. This study deals with the rhetorical device of the Prophetic Hadith and its rendition in English. It hypothesizes that literal translation is not always appropriate as far as personification is concerned. Additionally, the vivid image implied in personified objects cannot be preserved by translators. On this basis, the study attempts to review and analyze (10) texts including personification (namely parts of the animate body organs) along with (2) renditions for each to examine and determine the suitable technique(s) in terms of ‘possibility’ and ‘necessity’ suggested by Newmark in addition to other theorists. One of the key results of this paper is that a personifying expression is not employed haphazardly in the Prophetic Hadith; rather, it implies effective means and impressive hints. Hence, special addressing is needed in translation, considering conveying meaning at the expense of form if necessary.

The literal meaning of Slur

Nisreen Juma Mutlaq — 2024-10-31

This research explores the complex and multifaceted nature of slurs within modern sociolinguistic contexts. The study aims to dissect the power dynamics embedded in these terms, examining how slurs function as instruments of social control, perpetuating stereotypes and reinforcing social hierarchies. Through a combination of qualitative analysis and case studies, this research investigates the historical origins, evolution, and contemporary usage of slurs across different cultures and communities. The findings reveal that slurs are not merely offensive words but are laden with historical and cultural significance, often reflecting broader societal attitudes towards race, gender, sexuality, and other identity markers. The study also considers the psychological impact of slurs on individuals and groups, demonstrating how these terms can inflict lasting emotional harm and contribute to a hostile social environment. In addition, the research addresses the phenomenon of reappropriation, where marginalized groups reclaim slurs as a form of empowerment and resistance. This process is analyzed to understand its potential in challenging and subverting the oppressive connotations traditionally associated with these terms. Ultimately, this paper underscores the importance of recognizing the deep-seated implications of slurs in everyday language and advocates for a more nuanced approach to addressing linguistic discrimination. The research concludes with recommendations for fostering more inclusive and respectful communication practices in diverse social settings.

Internet and Cyberspace as a Means of Feminist Empowerment: A Cyberfeminist Study of Girls of Riyadh by Rajaa Alsanea

Fedan Jawdat Abdullah — 2024-10-31

An Eco-Critical Study of Richard Power’s The Overstory

Banaz Wirya Ali — 2024-10-31

The Overstory by Richard Powers (2018) is a novel with intricate narrative threads that blend human stories with the ecological. In doing so, the paper adopts eco-criticism as its theoretical framework which delivers familiarity between literary texts and the natural environment. This study focuses on how the lives of trees in the book suit to mirror human experience and tries to understand how it is a challenge to anthropocentrism, call for environmental stewardship, and critique the contemporary ecological crisis. It seeks to clarify how The Overstory works as an advocacy for environmental preservation and a re-examination of humanity's place in nature is one aspect defined. This paper demonstrates how the novel could be more effectively utilized for ecological awareness and advocacy by integrating eco-criticism and analyzing Powers’ approach to structure, character, and language. The study explores the text regarding deep ecological allegory and eco-criticism, as well as nature\'s agency, or pseudo-agency, through animals. The study helps to understand better how literature can represent and affect societal responses to environmental crises and sustainability.

Postmodern Vision of Absolute Truth in "Atonement" by Ian McEwan

Ansam Riyadh Almaaroof — 2024-10-31

This paper explores Ian McEwan's "Atonement" and its postmodern interpretation of the concept of ultimate truth. The novel, which takes place in the early 20th century, examines the difficulties associated with memory, narrative, and the search for the truth. This essay examines how the novel reflects the postmodern rejection the idea of ultimate truth through a study of the text. It is possible to see the novel "Atonement" as a postmodern attack on the idea of ultimate truth. It is proposed that the novel's postmodern is a conception of reality highlights the importance of memory and narrative in the construction of truth. This paper is important because it applies postmodernism theory to the novel "Atonement" by Ian McEwan, giving it a fresh viewpoint. The study underlines the significance of subjective experiences and viewpoints in our perception of reality and underscores the function of memory and narrative in truth construction. Postmodernism theory is used as a literary movement that rejects the conventional belief in objective truth and emphasizes the importance of subjectivity and fragmentation in understanding of reality. This paper attempts to analyze the notion of absolute truth in Ian McEwan's novel. The primary aim of this paper is to examine the postmodern vision of absolute truth in "Atonement" and its implications for our understanding of truth and reality. This paper aims to demonstrate how the novel challenges traditional notions of truth and offers a vision of truth that is subjective and fragmented.