JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES

Culture- Specific Problems of Journalistic Texts from English into Kurdish Translation

Avin Nadir Qadir, Wrya I. Ali — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The study focuses on the cultural– specific problems came across in the process of translating journalistic texts from English into Kurdish. Mainly and from the translator's viewpoint, one of the most difficult tasks is dealing with metaphors and allusions which are culturally specific. The study involves a quantitative method. The most common issues in the journalistic translation among all the types of cultural challenges are to be tackled. The present study focuses on English-Kurdish translation of journalistic texts. To achieve the aims of the study a questionnaire is designed for the translators and college teachers who have taught and worked as translators. For the purpose of analysis, examples will be widely selected to reflect the issue under discussion. The study findings exposed that translators face difficulties in translating cultural aspects and item like; Proverbs, colloquial words and expressions, collocations, Religion, gender terms, and politics etc.

Investigating EFL learners' writing anxiety in English class

Bakhtyar Abdullah Omar, Zina Adil Ismail Chaqmaqchee — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Writing is a productive-skill that several students struggle with writing in EFL. A proper piece of writing needs appropriate writing skills. Writing skills are crucial for developing the students' academic writing. Thus, good writing is regarded as a measuring tool the performance of students' academic. Anxiety impedes students' performance in writing due to several reasons. Therefore, the prime goal of the current study is to explore the levels, the dominant type of WA and the sources of anxiety in writing English as foreign language. For this purpose, 365 university students participated. The data were collected through implementing two questionnaires. Firstly, Cheng's (2004) SLWAI was adapted to investigate the levels as well as the types of WA. Then, the CSLWAI questionnaire was adapted which were promoted by (Rezaei and Jafari, 2014) to find the causes of WA at Soran university. The findings showed that the individuals had moderate to severe degrees of WA. The findings also showed that the most provoking form of WA was avoidance behavior anxiety. In addition, the results of the CSLWAI demonstrated that low self-confidence, time limitations, linguistic incompetence, fear of tests, stress of doing a perfect work, insufficient and in effective feedback were main causes of writing apprehension.

Pronunciation Errors in Second-Year University Students’ Oral Assignments

Pakhshan Ismail Hamad — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Pronunciation error analyses in university students’ oral assignments, in particular, are relatively rare. This study explores and investigates EFL learners' pronunciation errors that lead to unnatural accent and miscommunication. Fifty oral assignments of second-year college students in phonology class are selected to be analyzed. The study samples are selected from students in the English department, college of Education at Salahaddin university, in the academic year 2021-2022. Various pronunciation errors are observed in the oral assignments regarding single vowels, consonants, sound clusters, stress and intonation. The findings show that the pronunciation errors are primarily due to the strong influence of students’ mother tongue, some deep-rooted learnings from their primary and elementary stage education, and other inaccurate pronunciation models.

The Role of Humour in Motivating EFL University Students in Sulaimani City

Hevar Mohammed Tawfeeq, Abbas Mustafa Abbas — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

A substantial body of research has been conducted on increasing EFL students’ motivation in EFL classes. Different pedagogical techniques have been defined, and humour is undoubtedly one of them. For English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom, various methods have been found effective, and humour is also one of the effective techniques to help the learning process in EFL classrooms. This paper is an extraction from the Ph.D. dissertation of the author, entitled “‘Investigating the Use of Humour in Teaching Kurdish EFL University Students in Sulaimani City’, in which it was attempted to investigate the role of humour on EFL students in Sulaimani City universities. The current article is based on the hypothesis that humour is a highly effective technique that motivates students and helps them in learning in EFL classrooms. The role of humour in EFL classrooms with Kurdish backgrounds needs more investigation. The current paper emphasizes the role of humour on motivation from the perspectives of EFL first-year students from Sulaimani Polytechnic University (SPU). A quantitative method was employed in which 100 students were given a 30-item questionnaire to explore their perspectives on the use of humour. The study finds that a considerably high number of the students were in favour of humour to be used by their teachers during their classes as they find it very helpful and motivational, which helps them in the language learning process.

Postcolonial Identity Crisis in Selected Contemporary Novels

saman Abdulqadir Hussein Dizayi, Ary Syamand Tahir — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The study argues that postcolonial novels can offer valuable insights into the nature of identity and the challenges of living in a postcolonial world. Homi Bhabha's theoretical framework is used in this study to analyze the complexities of cultural identity and the challenges that actors face as they navigate between their background and new cultural identities. The concept of hybridity, mimicry, and cultural difference developed by Bhabha are utilized to examine and comprehend these themes. It explains how novels such as Exit West by Mohsin Hamid and Americanah by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie emphasize the contradictions between cultural hybridity and the need to adhere to mainstream cultural standards. The study also looks at the role of literature in developing our perception of cultural identity and encouraging empathy and understanding across cultures. The study employs an analytic approach for evaluating the postcolonial identity crisis in chosen contemporary novels, which entails an in-depth reading and analysis of the text. This may imply identifying essential themes and motifs relating to identity, cultural hybridity, and colonialism, as well as investigating how characters manage their sense of self in the face of cultural diversity. The study's findings emphasize the necessity of comprehending and appreciating the complexities of cultural identity in the context of globalization. It promotes constant postcolonial debate and reflection on identity as we confront the problems of cultural hybridity and try to build a more inclusive and just society that acknowledges and respects cultural differences. As a result, this study adds to our knowledge of postcolonial identity and its continuing importance within modern literature

The Impact of Socratic Seminar Strategy on EFL College Students' Performance in Reading Comprehension

Ayyash Ahmed Abdullah, Nagham Qadoory Yahya — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study is Experimental research that deals with using the Socratic Seminar Strategy to improve students' understanding of written texts. The purpose of this study was to reveal the impact of the Socratic Seminar Strategy in the process of written text teaching and learning, and also to explain reading comprehension after using the Socratic Seminar strategy in the classroom. This study aims at: 1. Finding out the impact of the Socratic Seminar Strategy on students' achievement in reading comprehension. 2. Finding out whether there is any statistically significant difference between experimental group achievement in the Pre-test and Post-test. 3. Finding out if there is any statistically significant difference between experimental groups achievement at the recognition level and the production level. To achieve the aims of the study and verify its hypotheses, a sample of (60) students randomly selected from third-year, college students at the University of Tikrit, College of Basic Education, Department of English in Al-Shirqat city. The sample is divided into two groups, they are the experimental, which includes (30) students and the control group, which includes (30) students. Both groups were equalized in age, parents’ academic level and students' achievement in the previous year in the Reading Comprehension subject. The researcher prepared an achievement test of six questions to assess the students' success in the dependent variable, to verify its validity, and to obtain its reliability. Then the data was statistically analysed and the following results found: 1. There are statistically significant differences in the mean scores of the experimental group and that of the control group in the Post-test. 2. There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of experimental group achievement of the recognition level and that of the production level in the Post-test. There are statistically significant differences in the mean scores of the students' achievement of the experimental group and the Pre-test and Post-test.

Investigation of the Impact of Technology on the Written Production of EFL Learners in Iraqi Kurdistan

Fareeq Ghazi Awla, Sozdar Ribwar Safar, Jabbar H. Ade, Shamal A. Abdullah — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Writing is a significant manner of learning a foreign language and can be essential in facilitating second language development. Moreover, it is an essential part of language learning for L2 learners. Research has shown that many EFLs perform poorly in written language skills. Research has shown that many EFLs perform poorly in written language skills. The present study aimed to investigate technology's impact on EFL learners' written production in Iraqi Kurdistan. In this research, a single group pre-test-post-test method was utilized. The research community included Iraqi EFL learners, and the research sample included 30 intermediate-level learners. In order to measure the students' self-evaluation of their writing skills, the students completed the Self-Assessment of English Writing Skills and Use of Writing Strategies questionnaire. A descriptive writing task was used to measure students' writing performance. SPSS22 software was used for data analysis. The normality of the scores was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The Likert scale evaluation showed that Self-Assessment of English Writing Skills with an average of 69.03±25.21 was evaluated at a relatively favorable level and Use of Learning Strategies with an average of 149.83±69.38 at an unfavorable level. The results indicated that the average score of the students in the pre-test was 17.37±2.16, and in the post-test, it was 21.00±1.96. Based on the results, a statistically significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test results. In the present study, we found that Iraqi EFL learners' writing skills and practices improved significantly with the help of technology.

The Use of Homeland Voice in Warsan Shire's "Home" Poem: Analytical Study

Majeed Hammadi Khalifa — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study deals with the diasporic poet Warsan Shire from the point of view of her use of country voice in her poem "Home", to address the horrible situation of refugees. Diasporic literary writers' depictions of home and its complexities are influenced by Africa's painful historical experience with slavery and racial oppression. Despite the host nation's influences on African migrants, the sordid effects of ethnic conflicts lead to writers' disillusionment, which leads them to indulge in sentimental nostalgia for their home of origin. Through studying Shire’s "Home" poem, to examine the country voice in the feelings of refugees' poets, there is a hidden voice of home in the lines of Shire's poem. This study aims to argue for the voice of home through the analysis of Shire’s poem "Home". Also, it will focus on similar situations when home is also running with the people, as if he senses their problem and farewells them to a safer place. In addition, this study looked at how diasporic poets identify with the voice of their nation by using Foucauldian theory of power and the qualitative method of analysis to shed light on how diasporic immigrants behave. Warsan shire argues that nostalgia is an internal feeling of hearing the voice of home and yearning for the native place. The study concludes that there is some hidden relationship between the refugees and their native home, both as an internal relationship and as a feeling of belonging to their native country.

The Effect of SNIPS Strategy on Schools Pupils

Rasha Saeed Hameed, Muthana Mohammed Badie — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The current study aims at investigating the effect of SNIPS strategy on EFL Iraqi pupils' achievement. To achieve the aims of this study, two hypotheses are assumed to be established. First, there is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group (EG) who are taught by SNIPS strategy and the control group (CG) who are taught by traditional methods in the post achievement test. Second, there is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group who is taught by SNIPS strategy and the control group who is taught by traditional methods in a post test.

Exploring the Inevitability of Death in Elizabeth Barrett Browning's The Cry of the Children' Poem

Dheyaa Ramadhan Alwan — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The Cry of the Children is one of the significant poems written by the Victorian poetess Elizabeth Barrett Browning. In this poem, the poetess protested an industrial society that employed children as an industrial workers. She showed the social realities of the era where women and children were inferior individualities. Because of the Industrial Revolution, poverty, unemployment, diseases and death increased. What’s more the death of the children increased rapidly. The poetess through this poem expressed the situation of those children who worked in factories and mines. Thus, this paper tries to examine briefly the Victorian period in which Elizabeth Barrett Browning tried to put her poetic voice. It also focuses on her poetic career and individuality as a female poet and her place in social and public sphere. Furthermore, this paper tries to analyze the aspect of death in the poem The Cry of the Children.

Feminist Criticism: A Comparison between Jane Austen’s “Emma” and Shashi Deshpande’s “That Long Silence” (Critical study)

Mohammed Nasif Jasim Mohammed, Waad Adil Lateef — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The Present paper discusses” Feminist Critique” and” gynocritique” in Jane Austen’s ”Emma” and Shashi’s “That Long Silence”, which are Feminist Criticism. It compares and contrasts the two novels in accordance with Feminism. The objective of the comparison is find out the similarities and differences in two novels’ style between English novel and Indian novel. The study applies the theory of Feminist to analyze the concepts feminist critique and Gynocritique are the two important varieties of feminist criticism.The research Problem is the suffering of women under the dominance of the men. The study Hypothesizes that female are subordinated position to Male. The findings show that two novelists raise the status of women through their work, they convey the idea to the reader that women are equal to men.

Challenges of Translating English Pragmatic Markers into Kurdish by EFL Students

Rashwan Ramadan Salih, Rawshan Ibrahim Tahir — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to investigate the translation of Pragmatic Markers (PMs) by Kurdish EFL students. This study demonstrates an innovative method/practice of utilizing translation to study the linguistic phenomena, Pragmatic Markers (PMs) (cf. Fischer 2006; Fraser, 1999; Aijmer, 2002). Based on the Relevance Theoretic Framework and polysemy approach, this paper consolidates research that examines the challenges that face EFL students of English Department at Salahaddin University, Erbil. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results revealed that Kurdish EFL students use a variety of PMs in their writing, with some PMs being overused and others being underused. The study suggests that teachers should help Kurdish EFL students to use PMs effectively in their writing. Also, the results showed that the majority of participants had difficulty in recognizing the more complex adversative and causal PMs, while they had very few issues with Additive PMs. In conclusion, Kurdish EFL students may recognize Additive PMs and translate them with less difficulty than identifying more complex adversative and causal PMs.

Dominant Language and Identity

Zainab M. Hussein Al-Kawwaz, Anmar Adnan H. Al-Badry — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The main concern of this research is to illustrate the strong relation between language and identity, and to prove how they share a reciprocal kind of relation. Besides other influential factors, language seems almost to determine and establish the kind of identity to sovereign in monolingual communities. The researchers hypothesize that intervention and domination of the English language in a number of Arab countries, would negatively influence and threat the creation of the national identity of these countries. The aim of the present research is to alarm and urge all authoritative sides to take the responsibility to contain and reduce the influence of the dominant English. Some pedagogical significance lies behind this study, like suggestions for more efforts and awareness concerning methods of teaching. In addition, the need to keep the Arab national identity pure necessitates excluding the hegemony of English in everyday life in general, and that of the young generations' in particular.

Barriers to Mastery EFL Communication Skill in Iraqi Governmental Schools

Huda Kanaan Hamza — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Many foreign language learners have problems in using the foreign language in an effective way especially speaking skill. So the current paper tries to seek these difficulties through trying to find an answer to the following question: " What are the prominent barriers of speaking that hinder Iraqi EFL learners from mastering speaking?" and by verifying the suggested hypothesis which says" The linguistic aspects are the common barriers of speaking". To prove the hypothesis and to answer the question a questionnaire that contains 15 items is presented to 60 third intermediate students out of 240. The data were analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that the linguistic barriers were at the top of the pyramid followed by the psychological barriers and then the social ones.

The Effect of MURDER Strategy on Iraqi EFL Intermediate Pupil’s Reading Comprehension

Ghoufran Fadhil sahib, Madeha Saif Aldeen Saleh — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The current study aims at investigating the effect of the MURDER strategy on on EFL pupils’ reading skills. To achieve the aims of this study, a hypothesis is assumed to be established. There is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of experimental groups in pre- post reading tests. For carrying out the aims of this study, and validating its hypotheses, a sample of sixty pupils have been randomly chosen from the First - intermediate class in Hasan AL-Sumidia Intermediate School for Boys, during the academic year 2022-2023. The two groups are equally divided into, group (A) represents experimental group that consists of (30) pupils who have been taught according to Murder strategies. Group (B) signifies control group which also includes (30) pupils who have been taught according to the traditional method. Making a pre and post achievement test. Both groups have been equalized in such variables such as educational level of parents, English scores achievement in preceding schooling year, and the pre-test of both groups. Five questions are composed to combine a post-test. Alpha-Cronbach method has been used to confirm the reliability coefficient. The discrimination power and difficulty level for each item have been determined via statistical analysis of the items. The entire sample has been exposed to the post-test as a result. The data gathered from the post-test findings have been statistically examined using the formula for the T-test of two independent and paired samples. According to the results, there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group who is taught by using the MURDER strategy and the control group who is taught by using the traditional method in the pre-post achievement test. Based on the findings and conclusions of this study, appropriate recommendations and suggestions for future studies are put forward.

An Investigating of Using Dictogloss as an Essential Technique for Improving Student's Listening Comprehension

Alaa Ali Hasan — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The current study is an experimental one of using dictogloss as an essential technique with fifth preparatory EFL student's at Al-Saydaa Nafysaa secondary school for girls. The study is done in two classes as a sample: class one is called the experimental class which used dictogloss as an effective technique for improving listening comprehension , whereas the control class is taught by a dictation traditional method. To achieve its intended aims ,there is a test students used, then the data is collected and analyzed using SPSS. Moreover, collected data reveals that experimental class, students were taught using dictogloss which have better comprehension to information heard, and students express positive attitudes towards using dictogloss technique for improving their listening understanding.

The structure of the novel character In the novel "The Ring of Sand" by the storyteller Fouad Al-Takarli - an applied study

اديبة عجيل حسن خلف — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The Flandra Road novel is one of the most famous works of the French writer Claude Simon, who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1985. His novel, which dates back to 1960, is full of indications that show the extent to which the writer was affected by the horrors of war, especially the First and Second World Wars. He is a soldier who escaped from Nazi prisons. In addition to being greatly affected by France's defeats in wars ago. This is what left its influence on the plot of Flandra Road and the linguistic style used in it. The reader of the novel finds himself in front of unfamiliar linguistic methods, the writer's intention to include them in a way that draws attention, as if it is an implicit message that needs to be read between its lines, and this is the goal of the research that sheds light on three themes that were chosen to be studied and analyzed in order to know the motives for their appearance in this text. The writer deliberately fragmented the language in the narrative text. For example, the narrator appears once with the pronoun (I) and again with the pronoun (he), which refers to George, the main character, who is lost with his companions in the forests of Flandra. The second theme of the research deals with the frequent use of the subject's noun and the relationship of this use with the writer's influence on drawing and photography. As for the last axis, it deals with punctuation marks that disappear in some places, such as: comma, period, and quotation marks, especially in direct speech, or those that are repeated, such as parentheses, for example, in many passages within the novel.

Argumentative links and confrontations in the art of rhetoric between The Pre-Islamic era and the early Islamic era

Rawia Abduallah Mohammed — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Al-Hajjaj is a mechanism as old as man himself, but it is renewable by its nature, due to the need of life for it in all its aspects, which gives it a strong renewable energy. Old and renewed , the research approach lost the study of argumentative links and directives in the art of rhetoric between the pre-Islamic era and the era of early Islam, updating an argumentative comparison between the sermons in the two eras to reveal the similarities and differences brought about by the new religion and imposed by the nature of life, since the sermons are a linguistic and literary wealth issued by different queens that had their goals that It varied with the diversity of goals and objectives, and it was also the guide that the Arabs relied on in guiding individuals and groups since the pre-Islamic era, so it remained dominant and authoritarian even after the advent of Islam.

Image manifestations in the poetic realism of Yahya bin al-Hakam al-Ghazal

Yasser Rashid Hamad Al-Bayati — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In our research, we dealt with an important personality from Andalusia famous for its beauty and magic, and he is the poet (Yahya bin Hakam Al-Ghazal Al-Andalusi). The research relied primarily on (Divan of Yahya ibn al-Hakam al-Ghazal, collection and investigation by Dr. Muhammad Radwan al-Daya - Dar al-Fikr, Damascus, Syria) 1st edition, 1993 AD, as well as the book (Yahya ibn Hakam al-Ghazal, Prince of the Poets of Andalusia in the third century AH and ambassador of the Prince of Andalusia to the Emperor of Constantinople and King of the Normans 250 AH - 864 AH) authored by Muhammad Salih al-Bundaq, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Afaq Al-Jadidah (Beirut - 1979 AD). And other sources, and this study adopted an artistic approach based on attracting poetic texts and analyzing them to show the places of beauty in which the artistic image was evident, in addition to that other studies are presented in the folds of the pages. The poetic image he has, and the second topic, marked by (realism in the poetry of the deer), came to study the realism in the poet's poetry and the manifestations of the poetic image in the most important purposes for which he wrote the deer.

Using Numbers in the poetry of Al-Mutanabbi and Al-Maarri

Hussein Khalaf Saleh — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The poetic Signals to the figures are of an important issue , the poetic use of the figure is intentional ,the poet occasionally resort to insert hyperbole and complexity according to events in his life which Sometimes go in this direction , or there are motives behind them, may be intentional or not intentional, these made the poets to make figures as a complement to the poem elements and as the figure adds a grace fullness and influence to the poem ( AL _ Mutanabbi and AL_ Muaary )are two poets used figures conssiously to indicate to a poetic ability and creative movement, because it came as a deliberate move and awareness, but not as an improvisation or a coincidence according to this, the research tries to unveil the figure motivation and discover the poetical equations and their roles in motivating the poetical meaning . The method that the researcher depends on is build on gathering the poetic verses that indicate to the figure which linked to its poetic context this needs to look at the figure and questioning it, this means that I moved from the figure to the Poem and then to the Poet , all of that is to know the progress of the figure .

Semantic fields in the book of the Arabs by Abu Al-Mansur Al-Jawaliqi The animal as a model

Saleh Theeb Saleh, Salman Abbas Abid, Noman Mohammed Aziz — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The reader of the novel finds himself in front of unfamiliar linguistic methods, the writer's intention to include them in a way that draws attention, as if it is an implicit message that needs to be read between its lines, and this is the goal of the research that sheds light on three themes that were chosen to be studied and analyzed in order to know the motives for their appearance in this text. The writer deliberately fragmented the language in the narrative text. For example, the narrator appears once with the pronoun (I) and again with the pronoun (he), which refers to George, the main character, who is lost with his companions in the forests of Flandra.

The second theme of the research deals with the frequent use of the subject's noun and the relationship of this use with the writer's influence on drawing and photography. As for the last axis, it deals with punctuation marks that disappear in some places, such as: comma, period, and quotation marks, especially in direct speech, or those that are repeated, such as parentheses, for example, in many passages within the novel.

The Formation of the Sonnet in Kurdish Modern Poetry

Serbaz Majeed Omar, Yadgar Rasool Hamadameen — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

If Kurdish poetry was dominated by Persian and Arabic poetry in the classical period, in the modern period, either directly or indirectly, through Turkish literature, it has been influenced by European literature. The sonnet as a European poetic form has been used by Kurdish modernist poets, especially rhymes of the sonnet fragments. This research, entitled "The Formation of the Sonnet in Kurdish Modern Poetry", is an attempt to present the reflection and the use of the form and rhyme of the sonnet in the poetry of Kurdish modernist poets, who renewed Kurdish poetry between 1918 and 1970. The research problem is related to the novelty of the sonnet form and rhyme and its application in Kurdish Modern poetry. Sonnets have been discussed in previous studies more in terms of rhyme because they are rarely constructed as they are in terms of form. However, Kurdish modernist poets have worked on the structure of the sonnet with many techniques, innovations and variations, which requires a more detailed and comprehensive study. For this reason, the study is based on the literary theories and employs qualitative descriptive analysis approach in order to investigate the texts used the framework of sonnet forms and employed sonnet rhymes.

Reading of Latif Halmats poem(Gorany) according to the method of structural criticism

Rebaz Mohammad Amin, Hawkar Qadir Rasul, Kwestan Ali Hamakarim — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Structuralism is a conceptual and methodological approach to describing and analyzing literature texts. This approach sees the text as separate entity that should be treated independently. In literature, (the author, the text, the reader) focuses on the text. Ferdinand de Saussure, a Swiss linguist, semiotician, and philosopher propounded the structuralism theory also known as structuralism. This approach focuses on the literary text, the text is the center for the analysis. It ignores the author's life and environment, i.e. in analyzing the structures of literary text, Structuralism is general theory of culture and methodology that implies that elements of human culture must be understood by the way of their relationship to a broader system. This makes it different from approaches like psychoanalysis and historical-biographical approach that focuses on the psychology the biography of the writer, the environment, and the social environment, structuralism only cares about the text and uses textual elements to understand meaning. From the perspective of Structuralism this paper tries to analyze Latif Halmat’e poem (Gorani). Dualism is a concept of structuralism, and this paper concludes that Latif Halmats poem is based on dualism. The aim of this research is to further clarify the way in which the Structuralism method is applied to poetry in order to further clarify the authority of this method over analyzing poetic texts.

Greeting strategy in the speech of the Duhok Region Sociolinguistic research

Dilveen Miqdad Ahmed, Dara Hamid Muhammad — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Linguistics in this era have proven that people use the Language only in the exchanging information and yet the Language users working on approving appropriate delivery strategy to the parties and the existing environment, in which verbal exchange is approved or the difficulty of generalizing all differences that exist between languages in all cultures, for instance, peace cultures are not the same. This research is entitled, The greeting strategy in the speech of people of Duhok. A Linguistic social research that works on the role of salutation as a social, cultural and human expression, where there are styles and various strategies are distinguished according to the variety, while fulfilling the duty of demonstrating and establishing a spirit of cooperation, sleep and trust among people.

Morphological analysis of the Kurdish legend "Tomatin and Narina Gulbarin" Based on the theory of Vladimir Propp

Fehri Omer Suleiman — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Structuralists, in the last century, have sought to obtain narrative maps and specific narrative patterns that can be used to examine folk tales, fairy tales, and legends of nations. After a lot of effort and presentation of various models, among them, Vladimir Propp was able to discover and present a diagram and model by analyzing a hundred Russian fairy tales and legends, which can be used to describe most of the folk tales and stories. Russian and even world fairies were adapted to it. This model and method attracted the attention of many researchers and became the basis of many investigations and researches after him. The story collection Narina Gulbarin is one of the Kurdish folk works that contains ten stories. In this article, an attempt has been made to apply Vladimir Propp's autobiography diagram and his morphological model to the story "Tomatin and Narin Golbarin", which is one of the stories in this collection, in order to determine how Propp's theory is applicable to this story. After the analysis of this story, it was found that the method and pattern of the prop are generally consistent with the diagram of the actions of this story. What is certain is that this legend is consistent with Propp's method and model, and a large number of actions. The actions in the mentioned story are identical to Propp's morphological model. And the main goal of this article is, the adaptation of the prop’s pattern to prove that it is applicable to the legend of "Tomatin and Narina Gulbarin". Another goal of this research is to make more students and researchers familiar with this book and its collection of legends.