JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES

Explanation of the poem (The Burda) Which is a tool in hard times by Aby AL Baqaa al Kafawee From the first line to the fifth line from the poem – as a sample

2025-12-02T18:27:42+00:00

Al-Busiri's poem Al-Burda is considered a verse in art and literature. It is a miracle of its era and the following eras, and it contains scientific material that requires attention. The poem Al-Burda has special moments that we rarely find in other sweltering poems , Al-Busiri paid attention to rare words and commitment to wonderful improvements,In his poem Al-Burda, Al-Busiri deliberately used artificiality, anecdotes, sayings, and sayings of Arabs and their likes. Due to the importance of Al-Busiri’s poem Al-Burda, scholars of the Arabic language accepted it in various eras, and explanations of Al-Burda abounded, labeled as (an explanation of the poem Al-Burda, several for every hardship), and we bring this heritage to light instead of leaving it parked on the shelves of libraries.

Whispers of the Past: Examining the Role of Memory and Ghostly Presence in Nilo Cruz's Sotto Voce

2025-12-10T12:48:37+00:00

This paper investigates the role of memory and ghostly presence in the play Sotto Voce (2016) by Cuban-American playwright Nilo Cruz. Set against the historical tragedy of the 1939 voyage of the MS St. Louis, a ship that carried Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution only to be denied entry to Cuba, the United States, and Canada, Cruz's play probes into the psychological and emotional consequences of this historical event. Sotto Voce explores the individual and shared recollections of its protagonists. It is centred on Bemadette Kahn, an old and reclusive writer haunted by her past. She is faced by Saquiel, a young Cuban-Jewish man who becomes like a reminder of the unforgotten old past. He is determined to reunite her with the memories of her lost lover, a passenger aboard the MS St. Louis. This interaction between the characters and the memories allows Cruz to skillfully intertwine the personal histories of the individuals with the larger historical story, evoking a profound and poignant contemplation on the lasting influence of historical events and demonstrating the layers of cultural memory that inform their experiences. Through the lens of cultural memory, Sotto Voce emerges as a profound commentary on how the past continues to resonate in the present, inviting audiences to reflect on their narratives of loss and remembrance and encouraging viewers to contemplate their own experiences of grief and commemoration.

‘’ Migration is what our species does’’. A study of migration and refugees in Samuel Selvon’s “The lonely Londoners”, and Mohsin Hameed’s “Exist West”

2025-12-11T06:56:41+00:00

The topic of migration has conquered literature considerably during the last decades especially those writers that want their writings to be considered as the world literature. Also it influenced a number of specialties such as sociology, economic, politics and etc. But as the case of literature the influence is very different since writers across the world particularly from South Asian have written remarkable literary texts in English. Non English writers have created stories which can be an effective ways for exploring migrants’ experience and refugees’ sufferings in countries away from their homelands. This study explores migration and migrants’ experiences since it has an impact on their lives economically and socially too. Migration is not only moving from one country to another but is a complex process that requires to keep the original values then changing some of them and getting used with new values in the host country. The research examines Samuel Selvon’s “The lonely Londoners, and Mohsin Hameed ‘’Exist west”. The study relies on post-colonial theory to draw deeper analyses and adopts MLA style for documentations, and ends up with the conclusions and the works cited.

The possibility of prepositions and their object having more than one grammatical meaning in Irshad al-Sari for explaining Sahih al-Bukhari

2025-12-03T08:06:10+00:00

This research deals with the grammatical aspects that prepositions and their genitives can bear, as Imam Al-Qastalani discussed in his book Irshad Al-Sari, in which he explained Sahih Al-Bukhari. Imam Al-Qastalani appears in this book as a grammarian who is familiar with the opinions of grammarians and a narrator who is familiar with the various narrations. The research initially addressed the definition of Imam Al-Qastalani and his book Irshad Al-Sari. Then the research addressed the applied aspect by analyzing examples of the noble prophetic hadith in which the letters of Har and their genitives were mentioned, which can bear more than one grammatical aspect. We explained these aspects in them, and the meanings of the letters of Har. We also mentioned the different narrations of the hadith, if any, that are related to the issue under study, and we mentioned the opinions of grammarians and some interpreters of the noble prophetic hadith on the issue under study. The difference between grammarians had a prominent effect on the difference between interpreters of the noble prophetic hadith, especially grammarians who permitted the use of the noble prophetic hadith in grammatical issues, and took the words of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, as evidence for constructing the grammatical rule and explaining the meanings of prepositions, the subject of the study. It became clear from During the study, the validity of the authenticity of the noble prophetic hadith was confirmed by its agreement with the grammatical rules derived primarily from th Holy Qur’an and the speech of the Arabs. Therefore, the speech of the master of eloquent Arabs was a strong argument for the grammatical rules, supporting them and giving their meanings. Among these meanings are the meanings of prepositions with their object and what they bear in terms of grammatical aspects.

The Dialogic Creativity in the Tragedy of Cleopatra by Ahmed Shawqi – A Critical Reading

2025-12-09T16:48:48+00:00

The protagonist of this poetic play, Cleopatra, is renowned for her relationships with Julius Caesar, Marcus Antonius, and her son Caesarion. The play encapsulates historical and political events, wherein the poet and playwright highlights Cleopatra’s conflict with the Romans due to her political and emotional ties with Marcus Antonius. This relationship deteriorated Antonius’ standing with Rome, as his loyalty to Cleopatra came at the expense of Roman interests. The dramatic dialogue effectively portrays the Egyptian queen's courage, love, and devotion to her people, culminating in a tragic ending, as Cleopatra chooses to take her own life by poisoning herself rather than falling captive to the Romans.

Assessing EFL College Students' Willingness to Communicate in English

2025-12-09T18:03:18+00:00

The pivotal goal of learning the language is to utilize it effectively. According to this purpose the given language will be influenced by the psychological and the social aspects. This makes people well-regarded and considerate, increasing their willingness to communicate with others appropriately. Therefore, this study aims to assess the willingness of EFL students to speak in the English language. Furthermore, (77) subjects in the third year at Mosul University/ College of Education for Humanities in the academic year 2023-2024 are chosen randomly. The sample contains males and females from different cultural qualifications. The Arabs, Kurds, and Turkmen students are the sample. A research instrument is used to gather the data using the SPSS program. The results showed a moderate and satisfactory willingness to interact and communicate in English. Finlay, recommendations and pedagogical implications are suggested based on the conclusions drawn.

Semantic Shifts in Translating the Pistachio Seller: Challenges from Arabic to English

2025-12-09T18:21:00+00:00

This study will be covering the semantic shift in The Pistachio Seller by Reem Bassiouney, Osman Nusairi (tr.), the English translation. Semantic shifts — the changes in meaning that arise during translation — can fundamentally affect a novel’s characterization, representation of culture and thematic layers. This highlights the thin line that Arabic English literary translation walks between being faithful and being readable. Semantic equivalence must be maintained, paratextual features may be included in order to add a layer to cultural references, and lexical precision will be refined for the sake of accuracy. The study derives its translation theories from equivalence theory (Nida, 1964), domestication vs. foreignization (Venuti, 1995), and Baker’s (2018) view of non-equivalence, to analyze translator strategies. Employing a comparative textual analysis, this study illuminates relevant semantic shifts in lexis, figurative language and cultural localizations and judges their impact on English-speaking readers’ engagement with the novel. The findings show that lexical shifts change the characterization of characters, figurative distortions dilute the novel’s poetic and rhetorical impact, and cultural dilution softens references to religion and society, thus changing the original message. In doing so, the study adds to wider debates around the strategies employed in literary translation and reiterates the importance of these approaches when animating Arabic fiction through translation for the world over.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Iraqi Proverbs: Mosuli Proverbs as a Case Study

2025-12-09T18:52:46+00:00

Proverbs represent a cultural and social record of the community of every nation, and they reveal how they utilize their environment as a source to enrich their language. Also, they can influence the thoughts and actions of the hearers. This research attempts to explore the pragmatic meaning of selected Mosuli proverbs. It also aims to examine how the pragmatic functions of Mosuli proverbs are used to achieve specific purposes like describing, complaining, stating, boasting, advising, warning, loving, excusing, deploring, and blaming. The present study is qualitative and quantitative in nature. It is based on Searle’s (1969) Speech Act Theory. The data is collected spontaneously from everyday stereotype interactions in the Mosuli Arabic speech community. The findings of this study have proved that representatives and directives are the most frequent types of illocutionary speech acts. The main pragmatic functions used are describing, complaining, and advising, which are utilized to express wisdom and reflect its linguistic eloquence feature.

Reimagining the Romantic Hero in Al-Sayyab’s “A Stranger By the Gulf”

2025-12-09T19:15:55+00:00

This study investigates the traits of Shelley’s Romantic hero in Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab's poem "A Stranger by the Gulf". The research looks at the primary qualities of this character, including isolation, rebellion, internal turmoil, individuality, and deep connection with Nature, showing their portrayal within the context of modern Iraqi poetry and the socio-political Iraqi landscape. Al- Sayyab's employs a Shellean model of heroism to address the complexities of isolation, exile and political oppression. Adopting an analytical approach of criticism, the study Draws on the differences of the Iraqi context, and contends that the speaker in this poem, who experiences loss, nostalgia, and estrangement, is an Iraqi model of the Romantic hero confronted with the agonies of Iraq's sociopolitical reality. The Study focuses on Al-Sayyab's interaction with Western literature, emphasizing the universality and flexibility of the Romantic hero and its adaptability in modern Arabic poetry.