JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES

Opposite dualities in the Diwan of Al-Aqraa Al-Qushayri

2025-12-28T10:24:02+00:00

The research study comes as an attempt to monitor the opposite dualities in the Diwan of Al-Aqraa Al-Qushayri, the opposite dualities of the topics that manifested in life before literature in general and poetry in particular and the best example of this is the duality (death life) and the duality (light and darkness). In the poetry of al-Aqra' al-Qushayri, the Umayyad Islamic poet, there are many opposite dualities, some of which are apparent in pronunciation and some of which are hidden in meaning.

These opposing dualities, both apparent and hidden, are not limited to the structure of the text, but revolve around the emotional states that the poet wants to translate according to the situation.

The research section into an introduction to the life of the poet and the lineage of his tribe and three sections, the first included the identification of concepts, the second dealt with the opposite dualities from the ancient and modern critical perspective, and the third topic applications in the poetry of Al-Aqraa Al-Qushayri, then a conclusion of the most important results of the research, and then a list of sources and references.

"The Grammatical ʿIlal: Origins, Evolution, Influencing Factors, and Theoretical Approaches

2025-12-28T16:36:26+00:00

Causation is a prominent feature in grammatical studies and a clear hallmark of its methodology. A thorough reading of grammatical texts and continuous reflection on their content to trace manifestations of causation affirms that grammar, in essence, represents rulings. These rulings inevitably require analogy and inductive reasoning, with causation being one of the most essential pillars of grammatical analogy.

Causation has been closely linked to grammatical rulings since the emergence of Sibawayh’s Book (d. 180 AH), and it gradually expanded in scope and significance. Interest in it increased to the extent that grammarians became more concerned with causation than with grammar itself.

In any case, the emergence of causation was the result of the Arabs’ observation and analysis of their own language. Moreover, causation, like analogy, is instinctive in its initial form, which is based on tracing similar phenomena and searching for their reasons. No one can claim that this innate tendency is the invention of Aristotle or any other philosopher.

This study is structured into three sections: the first addresses the emergence of grammatical causation; the second explores the general influences on grammatical causation, such as logic, jurisprudence and its principles, and theology and dialectics; while the third section examines the trends of grammatical causation in the fourth Islamic century.

The Novel ( Watan Min Dhabab) A Study in the Light of the Cultural Criticism”

2025-12-28T10:38:32+00:00

This research examines the novel "Watan Min Dhabab" by the Kurdish writer Jan Dost، as a literary work that reflects crises of identity and belonging in a complex political and cultural context. This study relied on a cultural criticism approach to analyze the novel، focusing on four main issues: psychological reality، self- and physical breakdown، the subversion of religious culture، and the subversion of female centrality. The novel presents a narrative intertwined between history and myth، based on the experience of the Kurdish Republic of Mahabad. The analysis reveals how the characters represent internal and external conflicts، representing the suffocation of identities under political and social pressure. The research highlights the ideological and cultural dimensions hidden behind the narrative discourse، emphasizing that the novel is not merely a narrative but a symbolic resistance to cultural hegemony.